{"id":4264,"date":"2024-09-28T23:43:17","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T15:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/?p=4264"},"modified":"2024-10-15T14:04:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T06:04:17","slug":"what-sodium-bicarbonate-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/what-sodium-bicarbonate-do\/","title":{"rendered":"co d\u011bl\u00e1 hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

co d\u011bl\u00e1 hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd<\/h2>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\"k<\/p>\n

Co je hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd?<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako jedl\u00e1 soda. Je to b\u00edl\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek nebo jemn\u00fd krystal, bez z\u00e1pachu a chuti, rozpustn\u00fd ve vod\u011b. Chemick\u00fd vzorec je NaHCO3. Hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd je kysel\u00e1 s\u016fl, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 neutralizac\u00ed siln\u00e9 z\u00e1sady slabou kyselinou, a po rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ve vod\u011b je slab\u011b z\u00e1sadit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pevn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozkl\u00e1dat p\u0159i teplot\u011b nad 50 \u00b0C za vzniku uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho, oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho a vody a zcela se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159i 270 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aplikace a pou\u017eit\u00ed hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho:<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Proto\u017ee je hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a netoxick\u00fd, je \u010dasto hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsada. Pou\u017eit\u00ed hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho je slab\u011b z\u00e1sadit\u00e9, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee neutralizovat kyselost. Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i rozkladu, m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t v potravin\u00e1ch nad\u00fdchanou roli. Hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 do chleba, su\u0161enek a n\u00e1poj\u016f sody.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdroba hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho:<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

Chemick\u00fd vzorec NaHCO3 hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho je typickou anorganickou slou\u010deninou. V pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b existuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby p\u0159\u00edpravy:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Metoda na b\u00e1zi amoniaku:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Hlavn\u00ed suroviny: kapaln\u00fd \u010dpavek, voda, oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Chemick\u00fd vzorec CO2+NH3+H2O=NH4HCO3
    NaCl+NH4HCO3=NaHCO3+NH4Cl<\/p>\n

    Tato metoda vy\u017eaduje pozornost: Jeliko\u017e je NaHCO3 rozpustn\u00fd, je nutn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017eet NaHCO3, aby byla koncentrace NaCl a NH4HCO3 velk\u00e1. Krom\u011b toho, proto\u017ee rozpustnost CO2 ve vod\u011b je mal\u00e1 a rozpustnost NH3 ve vod\u011b je velk\u00e1, aby se vytvo\u0159ilo v\u00edce NH4HCO3, mus\u00ed nejprve proj\u00edt NH3 a pak vstoupit CO2.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Kombinovan\u00e1 alkalick\u00e1 metoda:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Celkov\u00e1 reak\u010dn\u00ed rovnice:<\/p>\n

      NaCl + CO2+NH3+H2O=NaHCO3\u2193+NH4Cl (dus\u00edkat\u00e9 hnojivo)<\/p>\n

      2NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O+CO2\u2191 (recyklace CO2) (zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako reak\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky)<\/p>\n

      (NaHCO3 se p\u0159i reakci sr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, proto je zde symbol sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, co\u017e je v\u00fdhodou t\u00e9to metody).
      V\u00fdhody metody zalo\u017een\u00e9 na amoniaku z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zachov\u00e1ny, jej\u00ed nev\u00fdhody jsou odstran\u011bny a m\u00edra vyu\u017eit\u00ed soli se zvy\u0161uje na 96%. NH4Cl lze pou\u017e\u00edt jako dus\u00edkat\u00e9 hnojivo (dus\u00edkat\u00e9 hnojivo nelze m\u00edchat s alkalick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, ale jeho \u010distotu lze kontrolovat rostlinn\u00fdm popelem). Lze jej kombinovat se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm na v\u00fdrobu syntetick\u00e9ho amoniaku, kter\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje surov\u00fd plynn\u00fd amoniak CO na CO2 a odstra\u0148uje CaCO3 na CO2, aby se sn\u00ed\u017eilo mo\u017en\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Metoda synt\u00e9zy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Metoda synt\u00e9zy se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 metoda sody. V\u00fdroba je \u010dasto spojena s tov\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrobou uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho. Proto je syntetick\u00e1 jednotka na v\u00fdrobu hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho v podstat\u011b konstruov\u00e1na s tov\u00e1rnou na v\u00fdrobu sody, aby se p\u0159\u00edmo vyu\u017eila vysokoteplotn\u00ed soda z v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu procesu k urychlen\u00ed procesu zkapal\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed matky. Zajist\u00ed kvalifikovan\u00fd louh pro n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 operace.<\/p>\n

        Aby se zajistil \u00fapln\u00fd rozklad p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho NaHCO3 v mate\u010dn\u00e9m louhu, omez\u00ed se jev blokov\u00e1n\u00ed krystalizace NaHCO3 b\u011bhem p\u0159epravy louhu a po celou dobu provozu se udr\u017euje vysok\u00e1 teplota materi\u00e1lu. Proto se tato metoda synt\u00e9zy \u010dasto ozna\u010duje jako vysokoteplotn\u00ed alkalick\u00fd proces. Pr\u016fb\u011bh procesu je zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn na obr\u00e1zku n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

        \"Pr\u016fb\u011bh<\/p>\n

        V\u00fdvojov\u00fd diagram procesu hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Metoda Trona<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Metoda v\u00fdroby tronu se tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdv\u00e1 metoda karbonizace tronu. \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje tronu. Karbonizace (p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno karbonizace) je hlavn\u00ed technologi\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tronu v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Metodou karbonizace tronu se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd. V zemi hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n

          Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci a v\u00fdvozci hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho:<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

          V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010c\u00edna a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozu hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho. \u010c\u00edna je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za v\u00fdvozce s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstem.<\/p>\n

          Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed oblasti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v provinci\u00edch Hunan, Vnit\u0159n\u00ed Mongolsko, Shandong a Henan. Pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 techniky se m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Vnit\u0159n\u00edm Mongolsku se k v\u00fdrob\u011b uhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho metodou trona pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 trona. \u0160an-tung vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdhod pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed k v\u00fdrob\u011b kombinovan\u00e9 alkalick\u00e9 metody a syntetick\u00e9 metody hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

          \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoz hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do Japonska, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreje, jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie a na St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdchod. USA vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd do Ameriky a Evropy.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          Faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed produkci:<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

          Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch informac\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, \u017ee cenu hydrogenuhli\u010ditanu sodn\u00e9ho ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na faktory, jako jsou suroviny (kapaln\u00fd \u010dpavek, uhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd), pom\u011br nab\u00eddky a popt\u00e1vky a v\u00fdroba \u0161etrn\u00e1 k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Co d\u011bl\u00e1 hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd? Hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako jedl\u00e1 soda. Je to b\u00edl\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ek nebo jemn\u00e9 krystaly, bez z\u00e1pachu a chuti, rozpustn\u00e9 ve vod\u011b. Chemick\u00fd vzorec je NaHCO3. Hydrogenuhli\u010ditan sodn\u00fd je kysel\u00e1 s\u016fl, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 neutralizac\u00ed siln\u00e9 z\u00e1sady slabou kyselinou a je [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-product-information"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4264\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ficchem.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}